However, others and we showed the feasibility of decorating metal-containing inducers onto the skeleton or into the pores of COFs to trigger pyroptosis or ferroptosis 28, 29, 30. Currently, the major cell death mode caused by COF-mediated phototherapy is apoptosis. Nanoscale COFs are crystalline organic porous materials and have attracted much attention in the field of cancer phototherapy owing to their excellent light absorption, high porosity, photostability, and good biocompatibility 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. In this contribution, a non-metallic covalent organic framework (COF) based pyroptosis and ferroptosis dual-inducer was rationally designed by integrating aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) into COF skeletons to elicit a strong inflammatory response and boost antitumor immunity. Thus, it is an appealing yet seriously challenging task to construct non-metallic pyroptosis and ferroptosis inducers, especially dual-inducers. Unfortunately, in all of these studies, the introduction of metal species may trigger undesirable toxicity and potentially detrimental effects. Efforts have been made to explore metal-containing pyroptosis and ferroptosis inducers, such as Fe 3+ phenolics, Bi–Au nanoclusters, GOx-Mn, LaFeO 3, CaNMs, and metal–organic frameworks 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. Recently, some immunogenic programmed cell death modes, such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis, have been proven to efficiently induce an acute inflammatory response to produce robust antitumor immune activity, which is promising for cancer immunotherapy 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. However, its therapeutic effect is usually limited due to the apoptosis resistance 7, 8, 9. Apoptosis has been demonstrated to be the major mode of cell death after phototherapy. Phototherapy has emerged as a promising oncological intervention option owing to its exceptional intrinsic characteristics, such as spatial accuracy, non-invasiveness, and minimal side effects 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Additionally, the induction of pyroptosis and ferroptosis by COF-919 effectively inhibits tumor metastasis and recurrence, resulting in over 90% tumor growth inhibition and cure rates exceeding 80%. Because of its good ROS production capability, it upregulates intracellular lipid peroxidation, leading to glutathione depletion, low expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, and induction of ferroptosis. Mechanistic studies reveal that COF-919 displays stronger near-infrared light absorption, lower band energy, and longer lifetime to favor the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photothermal conversion, triggering pyroptosis. Here we show the construction of a covalent organic framework (COF-919) from planar and twisted AIEgen-based motifs as a dual-inducer of pyroptosis and ferroptosis for efficient antitumor immunity. However, the exploration of dual-inducers, particularly nonmetallic inducers, capable of triggering both pyroptosis and ferroptosis remains limited. The menu is short but tempting and each cocktail is $14.įig.Immunogenic programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis, efficiently induces an acute inflammatory response and boosts antitumor immunity. Next time I’ll try to write down what I had. 19 feels more upscale than most other speakeasies I’ve been to. I’m not sure if there’s a dress code, but Fig. There are no signs, so you need to know where you’re going. 19 is hidden behind an unmarked door in the back of The Lodge Gallery. I was sure she wouldn’t, but lucky for me (and for the non-Finnish guy), we never made that bet, because the date actually arrived 20 minutes later. He was waiting for his date, who was late, and Alex and I were secretly considering entering a second bet regarding whether the date would show up or not. I was 100% sure that he was, because I thought I heard a Finnish accent, when he was placing his order, but it turned out, he was from New Jersey. The bet was about whether another guy in the bar was from Finland. That night, I ended up buying Alex a round too, because I lost a bet. One of them had grated chocolate sprinkled on top, and all of them were very good, but that’s all I can tell you. I really should start writing down the cocktails I’m having, because I always forget. After Con Artist Collective, we went over to Fig.
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